進(jìn)口離心管道泵(美國(guó)進(jìn)口品牌)

工作原理：

作圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體受到離心力的作用，如果向心力不足或失去向心力，物體由于慣性就會(huì)沿圓周的切線方向飛出，形成所謂的離心運(yùn)動(dòng)，管道離心泵就是利用這種慣性離心運(yùn)動(dòng)而進(jìn)行工作的。
給水排水工程中常用的單級(jí)管道離心泵的基本構(gòu)造示意圖。它主要的工作部件是葉輪1、蝸形泵殼2和帶動(dòng)葉輪旋轉(zhuǎn)的泵軸3。蝸形泵殼的吸水口與水泵的吸水管4相連，出水口與水泵的壓水管7相連。具有彎曲形葉片的葉輪安裝在固定不動(dòng)的泵殼內(nèi)，葉輪的進(jìn)口與水泵吸水管道相通。在開(kāi)始抽水前，泵內(nèi)和吸水管中先充滿水。當(dāng)動(dòng)力機(jī)通過(guò)泵軸帶動(dòng)葉輪高速旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，葉輪中的水隨著葉輪一起高速旋轉(zhuǎn)，由于水的內(nèi)聚力和葉片與水之間的摩擦力不足以形成維持水流作旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的向心力，葉輪中水流逐漸向葉輪外緣流去，被甩出葉輪進(jìn)人泵殼，再經(jīng)擴(kuò)散錐管流人水泵的壓水管，由壓水管道輸送到管網(wǎng)中去。與此同時(shí)，葉輪中心處由于水被甩出而形成真空，吸水池水面作用著大氣壓強(qiáng)，吸水管中的水在此壓差的作用下，沿吸水管*地流入葉輪，葉輪的連續(xù)旋轉(zhuǎn)，水被不斷地甩出和吸入，就形成了離心泵的連續(xù)輸水。
管道離心泵的工作過(guò)程，實(shí)際上是一個(gè)能量傳遞和轉(zhuǎn)換的過(guò)程。它把動(dòng)力機(jī)的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換為被輸送流體的動(dòng)能和壓能。在這個(gè)能量的傳遞和轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程中，必然伴隨著諸多的能量損失，這種損失越大，工作效率越低，該泵的性能就越差。

泵殼功能：

管道離心泵的泵殼是包容和輸送液體的蝸殼形。它由泵蓋和蝸形體組成。泵蓋為泵的吸入室，其作用是將吸水管中的水以小的損失均勻地引向葉輪。按結(jié)構(gòu)吸入室可分為直錐形吸人室、環(huán)形吸人室和半螺旋形吸人室。蝸形體由蝸室和擴(kuò)散錐管組成。蝸室的主要作用是匯集葉輪甩出的水流并借助其過(guò)水?dāng)嗝娴牟粩嘣龃髞?lái)保持蝸室中水流速度為一常數(shù)，以減少水頭損失。水由蝸室排出后，經(jīng)擴(kuò)散錐管流人壓力管。擴(kuò)散錐管的作用是降低水流的速度，把水流的部分動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)換為壓能。
泵殼的進(jìn)、出水接管法蘭處各有一鉆孔，用以安裝量測(cè)泵進(jìn)口和出口壓力的真空表和壓力表。泵殼頂部設(shè)有灌水（或抽氣）孔，以便在水泵啟動(dòng)前用來(lái)充水或抽走泵殼內(nèi)空氣。泵殼底部設(shè)有放水孔，用以停泵后放空泵內(nèi)積水，防止冬季結(jié)凍。泵殼底部設(shè)有與基礎(chǔ)固定用的螺栓孔。除固定水泵的螺栓孔外，其他螺孔在水泵運(yùn)行中暫時(shí)不用時(shí)，需用帶螺紋的絲堵堵住。
在上述零件中，管道離心泵葉輪和泵軸是立式離心泵的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)部件，泵殼是固定部件。這兩者之間有三個(gè)交接處：泵軸與泵殼之間的軸封裝置、葉輪與泵殼內(nèi)壁接縫處的減漏環(huán)、泵軸與泵座之間轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)連接處的軸承。

（美國(guó)ARCADIA阿卡迪亞）

(Arcadia, USA)

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